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Concept and application of anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed (SGSB) reactor for wastewater treatment

Mingxia ZHENG,Zhong YAN,Jiane ZUO,Kaijun WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 797-804 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0597-x

摘要: Bed expansion serves an important function in the design and operation of an upflow anaerobic reactor. An analysis of the flow pattern of expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors shows that most EGSB reactors do not behave as expanded bed reactors, as is widely perceived. Rather, these reactors behave as fluidized bed reactors based on the classic chemical reactor theory. In this paper, four bed expansion modes, divided as static bed, expanded bed, suspended bed, and fluidized bed, for bioreactors are proposed. A high-rate anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed (SGSB) reactor was then developed. The SGSB reactor is an upflow anaerobic reactor, and its expansion degree can be easily controlled within a range to maintain the suspended status of the sludge bed by controlling upflow velocity. The results of the full-scale reactor confirmed that the use of SGSB reactors is advantageous. The full-scale SGSB reactor runs stably and achieves high COD removal efficiency (about 90%) at high loading rates (average 40 kg-COD·m ·d , maximum to 52 kg-COD·m ·d ) based on the SGSB theory, and its expansion degree is between 22% and 37%.

关键词: expansion characteristic     high-rate bioreactor     anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed     expanded granular sludge bed reactor    

A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第16卷 第3期   页码 607-622 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0637-3

摘要: This paper presents a MATLAB implementation of the material-field series-expansion (MFSE) topo-logy optimization method. The MFSE method uses a bounded material field with specified spatial correlation to represent the structural topology. With the series-expansion method for bounded fields, this material field is described with the characteristic base functions and the corresponding coefficients. Compared with the conventional density-based method, the MFSE method decouples the topological description and the finite element discretization, and greatly reduces the number of design variables after dimensionality reduction. Other features of this method include inherent control on structural topological complexity, crisp structural boundary description, mesh independence, and being free from the checkerboard pattern. With the focus on the implementation of the MFSE method, the present MATLAB code uses the maximum stiffness optimization problems solved with a gradient-based optimizer as examples. The MATLAB code consists of three parts, namely, the main program and two subroutines (one for aggregating the optimization constraints and the other about the method of moving asymptotes optimizer). The implementation of the code and its extensions to topology optimization problems with multiple load cases and passive elements are discussed in detail. The code is intended for researchers who are interested in this method and want to get started with it quickly. It can also be used as a basis for handling complex engineering optimization problems by combining the MFSE topology optimization method with non-gradient optimization algorithms without sensitivity information because only a few design variables are required to describe relatively complex structural topology and smooth structural boundaries using the MFSE method.

关键词: MATLAB implementation     topology optimization     material-field series-expansion method     bounded material field     dimensionality reduction    

Assessment of bridge expansion joints using long-term displacement measurement under changing environmental

Youliang DING, Aiqun LI

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 374-380 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0122-x

摘要: This paper addresses the problem of condition assessment of bridge expansion joints using long-term measurement data under changing environmental conditions. The effects of temperature, traffic loading and wind on the expansion joint displacements are analyzed and interpreted, which reveal that measured displacements are observed to increase with an increase in temperature and to decrease with increased traffic loading, while the correlation between displacement and wind speed is very weak. Two regression models are developed to simulate the varying displacements under the changes in temperature and traffic loadings. Based on these models, the effects of the environmental conditions are removed to obtain the normalized displacement. Statistical process control using mean value control charts is further used to detect damage to the bridge expansion joints. The results reveal that the proposed method had a good capability for detecting the damage-induced 1.0% variances of the annual changes in the expansion joint displacements.

关键词: structural health monitoring     displacement     expansion joint     temperature effect     wind effect     traffic loading     statistical process control     suspension bridge    

Analysis of the dynamic hysteresis characteristic of finger seal

LEI Yanni, CHEN Guoding

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第2卷 第1期   页码 32-36 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0005-y

摘要: The research about hysteresis characteristic of finger seal (FS), which was carried out based on the model with static loads, could not reflect the dynamics behavior of FS system when the rotor runs at high speed. To solve this problem, the relations between the dynamics parameters, structure parameters as well as working parameters in the system were given out through the analysis of finite element analysis result. A mass spring damper dynamics model of FS system was proposed and the hysteresis characteristic of the FS system was analyzed. This work shows that the dynamics characteristic analysis of the FS is necessary and the dynamics model proposed in this paper is valid. This dynamics model is the basis for the optimization design of FS system.

关键词: FS     necessary     hysteresis characteristic     optimization     spring    

An approach for evaluating the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on transmission expansion

Rongrit CHATTHAWORN,Surachai CHAITUSANEY

《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第16卷 第10期   页码 871-882 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500049

摘要: We propose a new robust optimization approach to evaluate the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on transmission expansion planning (TEP). The objective function of TEP is composed of the investment cost of the transmission line and the operating cost of conventional generators. A method to select suitable scenarios representing the intermittent renewable energy generation and loads is proposed to obtain robust expansion planning for all possible scenarios. A meta-heuristic algorithm called adaptive tabu search (ATS) is employed in the proposed TEP. ATS iterates between the main problem, which minimizes the investment and operating costs, and the subproblem, which minimizes the cost of power generation from conventional generators and curtailments of renewable energy generation and loads. The subproblem is solved by nonlinear programming (NLP) based on an interior point method. Moreover, the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on TEP was evaluated by comparing expansion planning with and without consideration of a renewable energy source. The IEEE Reliability Test System 79 (RTS 79) was used for testing the proposed method and evaluating the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on TEP. The results show that the proposed robust optimization approach provides a more robust solution than other methods and that the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on TEP should be considered.

关键词: Adaptive tabu search     Renewable energy generation     Robust optimization     Transmission expansion planning    

Achieving desired nodal lines in freely vibrating structures via material-field series-expansion topology

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第18卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0758-y

摘要: Accurately controlling the nodal lines of vibrating structures with topology optimization is a highly challenging task. The major difficulties in this type of problem include a large number of design variables, the highly nonlinear and multi-peak characteristics of iteration, and the changeable orders of eigenmodes. In this study, an effective material-field series-expansion (MFSE)-based topology optimization design strategy for precisely controlling nodal lines is proposed. Here, two typical optimization targets are established: (1) minimizing the difference between structural nodal lines and their desired positions, and (2) keeping the position of nodal lines within the specified range while optimizing certain dynamic performance. To solve this complex optimization problem, the structural topology of structures is first represented by a few design variables on the basis of the MFSE model. Then, the problems are effectively solved using a sequence Kriging-based optimization algorithm without requiring design sensitivity analysis. The proposed design strategy inherently circumvents various numerical difficulties and can effectively obtain the desired vibration modes and nodal lines. Numerical examples are provided to validate the proposed topology optimization models and the corresponding solution strategy.

关键词: nodal line     topology optimization     structural dynamics design     material-field series-expansion    

Numerical simulation of sudden-expansion two-phase flows with two-scale second-order moment particle

ZENG Zhuoxiong, HAN Shoulei, ZHOU Lixing

《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 202-206 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0026-6

摘要: A two-scale second-order moment particle turbulence model is developed, based on the concept of particle large-scale fluctuation due to turbulence and particle small-scale fluctuation due to collision. The model is employed to simulate gas-particle flows in a sudden-expansion chamber. Simulation results are compared with the experimental results and with those obtained by the single-scale second-order moment two-phase turbulence model. It is shown that the two-scale model is with higher calculating accuracy than the single-scale model.

关键词: gas-particle     single-scale second-order     large-scale fluctuation     second-order     sudden-expansion    

硝酸铵膨化理论研究

吕春绪

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第9期   页码 58-63

摘要:

描述了硝酸铵膨化过程,计算与测定了其物理化学参数,研究了膨化过程的影响因素,并给出了膨化过程可能的机理。

关键词: 膨化硝酸铵     膨化理论     物理化学参数     影响因素    

Flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance of a pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch

Hongtao PANG, Hanchang SHI, Huiming SHI,

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 470-476 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0143-z

摘要: A pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch using bubble diffuser and baffle as aerator was operated in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to investigate its flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance. Compared with the conventional oxidation ditch process, effective depth and oxygen utilization efficiency of this new process was improved by underwater aeration. Furthermore, it had a reversed velocity distribution, which decreased from the bottom to the top on vertical section. Velocity measurement showed that a velocity over 0.2m/s at the bottom was sufficient to prevent sludge settlement during long term operation. Application of these concepts would save land area and energy consumption by about 25%―50% and 55%, respectively. In this new system, organic biodegradation and nitrification could be well achieved. Denitrification could occur steadily in the straight part by adjusting the airflow rate. An average TN removal rate of 63% was achieved with dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations between 0.6mg/L and 1.5mg/L. The main pollutants in the effluent could meet the strictest discharge standard (COD<50mg/L, NH―N<5mg/L, and TN<15mg/L) in China now.

关键词: airlift oxidation ditch     flow characteristic     wastewater treatment    

Modelling autogenous expansion for magnesia concrete in arch dams

JIN Feng, LUO Xiaoqing, ZHANG Chuhan, ZHANG Guoxin

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0025-7

摘要: Magnesia Concrete is a kind of expansive concrete used in Chinese hydraulic engineering more and more widely. To evaluate the effects of autogenous expansion on the stresses of arch dams, a simple model of autogenous expansion for Magnesia Concrete in dam engineering is presented. This model is based on three assumptions: 1) the total amount of autogenous expansion of Magnesia Concrete is related only to the properties of materials and mixing of concrete; 2) the autogenous expansion of Magnesia Concrete is irreversible due to the irreversibility of hydration reaction of Magnesia in the concrete; 3) the autogenous expansion strain rates of Magnesia Concrete bear a relation between temperature and residual Magnesia per unit volume of concrete. The model is verified by some experimental data of autogenous expansion of Magnesia Concrete and field-measured data of an arch dam in China. Embedded into finite element arch dam simulation software, this model is employed to simulate the effects of autogenous expansion of Magnesia Concrete in hydraulic engineering.

关键词: field-measured     irreversibility     temperature     irreversible     element arch    

燕山石化公司乙烯装置66×104t/a扩能改造方案的研究与决策

曹湘洪

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第11期   页码 34-46

摘要:

燕山石化公司30×104t/a乙烯装置1994年完成第一次扩能至45×104t/a的改造后,仍存在原料灵活性差、能耗高、与同期建设的乙烯装置比规模偏小等问题。以全面提高技术水平、降低能耗、增加原料灵活性、尽可能扩大生产能力为目标,充分考虑方案的可实施性、实施时的安全性、实施后的可操作性及方案的先进性和经济性,对装置技术改造的方案进行了比选研究。经改造,实现了生产能力扩大到66×104t/a的目标,实际可达71×104t/a,装置能耗明显下降,石脑油、轻柴油、重柴油、加氢裂化尾油均可作为乙烯原料。在世界上,首次在乙烯装置中采用混合冷剂制冷技术和碳三催化精馏加氢技术并获得成功,对世界乙烯工业技术进步有推动作用。

关键词: 乙烯     装置     扩能     方案     研究    

Weak characteristic information extraction from early fault of wind turbine generator gearbox

Xiaoli XU, Xiuli LIU

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第12卷 第3期   页码 357-366 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0423-4

摘要:

Given the weak early degradation characteristic information during early fault evolution in gearbox of wind turbine generator, traditional singular value decomposition (SVD)-based denoising may result in loss of useful information. A weak characteristic information extraction based on µ-SVD and local mean decomposition (LMD) is developed to address this problem. The basic principle of the method is as follows: Determine the denoising order based on cumulative contribution rate, perform signal reconstruction, extract and subject the noisy part of signal to LMD and µ-SVD denoising, and obtain denoised signal through superposition. Experimental results show that this method can significantly weaken signal noise, effectively extract the weak characteristic information of early fault, and facilitate the early fault warning and dynamic predictive maintenance.

关键词: wind turbine generator gearbox     µ-singular value decomposition     local mean decomposition     weak characteristic information extraction     early fault warning    

Lagrangian simulation of deposition of CO gas-solid sudden expansion flow

HUANG Dongping, DING Guoliang, QUACK Hans

《能源前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 216-221 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0032-3

摘要: Freezing and blockage resulting from the deposition of solid CO formed because of sudden expansion of the downstream pipe during the release of CO through safety valves, will endanger the protected equipment. To overcome this problem, the characteristics of the CO gas-solid sudden expansion flow are studied by using the disperse Lagrangian model. A comparison of the calculated deposition of the solid CO with the experimental results shows that they are in reasonable agreement. The simulation results show that the size of the solid CO formed should not be in the range of 0.04–0.07 mm ( number 3.2–9.8). This can be achieved by using an appropriate flow cross section of the safety valve.

关键词: comparison     gas-solid     downstream     blockage     Lagrangian    

能力集扩张的管理决策分析方法研究

王华亭, 冯俊文, 苗成林, 王健

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第8期   页码 51-55

摘要:

能力集扩张(competence set expansion)是在决策过程中,决策者将已获得的能力集(competence set)拓展到解决问题所需能力集的过程

关键词: 能力集扩张     习惯领域     管理决策    

Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities

Chi Zhang, Wenhui Kuang, Jianguo Wu, Jiyuan Liu, Hanqin Tian

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1321-2

摘要: Abstract • China’s rural industrial land (RIL) area quadrupled from 1990 to 2015. • RIL expansion cost 9% of China’s crop production and threatened human/ecosystem safety. • The underprivileged population bears a disproportionally large share of the risks. China’s rural industrialization has been a major driver for its rapid economic growth during the recent decades, but its myriad environmental risks are yet to be fully understood. Based on a comprehensive national land-use data set, our study shows that the area of China’s rural industrial land (RIL) quadrupled during 1990–2015, reaching 39000 km2 in 2015, comparable to urbanization in magnitude but with a much greater degree of landscape fragmentation which implies stronger ecological and environmental impacts. About 91% of the protected areas in the central China were within 50 km from rural industrial land, thus exposed to industrial disturbances. Accelerated rural industrial land expansion, particularly in regions under high geo-hazard risks, led to dramatically increased environmental risks, threatening the safety and health of both rural industrial workers and residents. Moreover, negative effects from rural industrial land expansion could partially offset the crop production growth in recent decades. The underprivileged rural population in the west bears a disproportionally large share of the increased environmental risks. China urgently needs to design and implement sustainable policies to restrict and reshape its rural industrialization. This study aims to inspire policy makers and researchers to rethink the current model of industrial expansion and improve rural industrial land planning, which is important for achieving the sustainable development goals of China.

关键词: Industrialization     Land-use change     Environment risks     Environmental security     Urbanization     China    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Concept and application of anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed (SGSB) reactor for wastewater treatment

Mingxia ZHENG,Zhong YAN,Jiane ZUO,Kaijun WANG

期刊论文

A MATLAB code for the material-field series-expansion topology optimization method

期刊论文

Assessment of bridge expansion joints using long-term displacement measurement under changing environmental

Youliang DING, Aiqun LI

期刊论文

Analysis of the dynamic hysteresis characteristic of finger seal

LEI Yanni, CHEN Guoding

期刊论文

An approach for evaluating the impact of an intermittent renewable energy source on transmission expansion

Rongrit CHATTHAWORN,Surachai CHAITUSANEY

期刊论文

Achieving desired nodal lines in freely vibrating structures via material-field series-expansion topology

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of sudden-expansion two-phase flows with two-scale second-order moment particle

ZENG Zhuoxiong, HAN Shoulei, ZHOU Lixing

期刊论文

硝酸铵膨化理论研究

吕春绪

期刊论文

Flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance of a pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch

Hongtao PANG, Hanchang SHI, Huiming SHI,

期刊论文

Modelling autogenous expansion for magnesia concrete in arch dams

JIN Feng, LUO Xiaoqing, ZHANG Chuhan, ZHANG Guoxin

期刊论文

燕山石化公司乙烯装置66×104t/a扩能改造方案的研究与决策

曹湘洪

期刊论文

Weak characteristic information extraction from early fault of wind turbine generator gearbox

Xiaoli XU, Xiuli LIU

期刊论文

Lagrangian simulation of deposition of CO gas-solid sudden expansion flow

HUANG Dongping, DING Guoliang, QUACK Hans

期刊论文

能力集扩张的管理决策分析方法研究

王华亭, 冯俊文, 苗成林, 王健

期刊论文

Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities

Chi Zhang, Wenhui Kuang, Jianguo Wu, Jiyuan Liu, Hanqin Tian

期刊论文